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  1. Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)
    Source: Mount Sinai Hospital [Canada]
    Date Published: 1985
    Format: Text
    Annotation: The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was developed as the first reliable and valid self-report measure of the alexithymia construct. It was modified in 1992 to develop a revised and improved 20-item version, which is called the Twenty-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The TAS-20 has become the most widely used measure of the alexithymia construct, and has three subscales. Alexithymia refers to people who have trouble identifying and describing emotions and who tend to minimize emotional experience and focus attention externally. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Difficult
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 6.9
    Population: All/Anyone
    Length: 20 questions
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English, Spanish
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Proprietary - Cost/Purchase required

    Citation(s):
    Di Giacinto A, Lai C, Cieri F, Cinosi E, Massaro G, Angelini V, Pasquini A, Stuppia L, di Giannantonio M. Difficulty describing feelings and post-traumatic symptoms after a collective trauma in survivors of L'Aquila earthquake. J Ment Health. 2015 Jun;24(3):150-4. doi: 10.3109/09638237.2015.1019055. Epub 2015 May 20. PubMed PMID: 25989491. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25989491. Subscription required.

    Mazza M, Tempesta D, Pino MC, Nigri A, Catalucci A, Guadagni V, Gallucci M, Iaria G, Ferrara M. Neural activity related to cognitive and emotional empathy in post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res. 2015 Apr 1;282:37-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.049. Epub 2015 Jan 4. PubMed PMID: 25555525. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25555525. Subscription required.

    Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res. 1994 Jan;38(1):23-32. PubMed PMID: 8126686. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8126686. Subscription required.

    Contact information:

    Contact person: Dr. Graeme J. Taylor
    Institution: Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Psychiatry
    Address: 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
    Email: graeme.taylor@utoronto.ca
    Phone: 416-932-1796
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 12892. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  2. Functional Activities Questionnaire
    Source: National Institute on Aging (NIA)
    Date Published: 1984
    Format: Text
    Annotation: For details, see the record from HSRR (Health Services and Sciences Research Resources), a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 8
    Time to Complete: 6-10 minutes
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 15232. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  3. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
    Source: St. James University Hospital
    Date Published: 1983
    Format: Text
    Annotation: This is a self-assessment scale developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in a hospital setting or medical outpatient clinic. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Population: Adults Only
    Length: 14 questions
    Time to Complete: Two to five minutes average; 10 minutes maximum
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English, Arabic, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Swedish, Italian, Japanese, Cantonese, Chinese, Norwegian, Hungarian, Urdu, and Spanish. All are available at no additional cost. More recent research articles describing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale state that the tool is available in all "major European" languages.
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Proprietary - Cost/Purchase required

    Citation(s):
    Carrasco JM, Perez-Gomez B, Garcia-Mendizabal MJ, Lope V, Aragones N, Forjaz MJ, Castillon P, Lopez-Abente G, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Pollan M. Health-related quality of life and mental health in the medium-term aftermath of the Prestige oil spill in Galiza (Spain): a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2007 Sep 17;7:245. PubMed PMID: 17875207. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17875207. Subscription not required.

    Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70. PubMed PMID: 6880820. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6880820. Subscription required.

    Snaith RP, Taylor CM. Rating scales for depression and anxiety: a current perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;19 Suppl 1:17S-20S. PubMed PMID: 3994903; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1463499. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3994903. Subscription not required.

    Aylard PR, Gooding JH, McKenna PJ, Snaith RP. A validation study of three anxiety and depression self-assessment scales. J Psychosom Res. 1987;31(2):261-8. PubMed PMID: 3585828. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3585828. Subscription required.

    Crawford JR, Henry JD, Crombie C, Taylor EP. Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2001 Nov;40(Pt 4):429-34. PubMed PMID: 11760618. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11760618. Subscription required.

    Contact information:
    Contact person: R. P. Snaith, M.D., F.R.C. Psych.
    Institution: Department of Psychiatry
    Address: 15 Hyde Terrace
    Leeds LS2 9LT
    England
    Email: psyrps@stjames.leeds.ac.uk
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 8069. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  4. Geriatric Depression Scale
    Source: Stanford University
    Date Published: 1982
    Format: Text
    Annotation: For details, see the record from HSRR (Health Services and Sciences Research Resources), a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 3.8
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 15235. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  5. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
    Source: World Health Organization (WHO)
    Date Published: 1982
    Format: PDF
    Annotation: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-item questionnaire that screens for hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption and identifies mild dependence. Developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the test correctly classifies 95 percent of people into either alcoholics or non-alcoholics. The AUDIT is particularly suitable for use in primary care settings and has been used with a variety of populations and cultural groups. It should be administered by a health professional or paraprofessional. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: Grade 8.9
    Population: All/Anyone
    Length: 10 questions
    Time to Complete: 2-4 Minutes
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report, Lay Interviewer, Specialist/Doctor/Expert
    Language(s): English, Spanish, Slavic, Chinese, Catalan, Dutch, French, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Polish, Norwegian, Swahili, and Romanian
    These translations are available by writing to the Programme on Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; some translations may also be found at: http://www.alcohollearningcentre.org.uk/Topics/Browse/BriefAdvice/?parent=4444&child=6148
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available

    Citation(s):
    MacFarlane AC, Van Hoff M. Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Aug;195(2):142-8. PubMed PMID: 19648546. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648546. Subscription not required.

    Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction. 1993 Jun;88(6):791-804. PubMed PMID: 8329970. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8329970. Subscription required.

    Bohn MJ, Babor TF, Kranzler HR. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): validation of a screening instrument for use in medical settings. J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Jul;56(4):423-32. PubMed PMID: 7674678. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7674678. Subscription required.

    Schmidt A, Barry KL, Fleming MF. Detection of problem drinkers: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). South Med J. 1995 Jan;88(1):52-9. PubMed PMID: 7817228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7817228. Subscription required.

    Conigrave KM, Hall WD, Saunders JB. The AUDIT questionnaire: choosing a cut-off score. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Addiction. 1995 Oct;90(10):1349-56. PubMed PMID: 8616463. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8616463. Subscription required.

    Available Formats: Electronic

    Contact information:

    Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration/ Department of Health and Human Services
    http://www.integration.samhsa.gov/clinical-practice/screening-tools

    World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence
    https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf?sequence=1

    Public Health England (PHE)
    http://www.alcohollearningcentre.org.uk/Topics/Browse/BriefAdvice/?parent=4444&child=4896
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 8991. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  6. Cerebral Performance Categories Scale (CPC Scale)
    Source: University of Pittsburgh
    Date Published: 1981
    Format: PDF
    Annotation: The Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) score is widely used in research and quality assurance to assess neurologic outcome following cardiac arrest. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 12.2
    Population: All/Anyone
    Length: 5 items
    Administered by: Specialist/Doctor/Expert Administration
    Language(s): English
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available

    Citation(s):
    Kiyohara K, Kitamura T, Iwami T, Nishiyama C, Kawamura T. Impact of the Great East Japan earthquake on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with cardiac origin in non-disaster areas [corrected]. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Feb;69(2):185-8. Epub 2014 Sep 23. PubMed PMID: 25240062. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25240062. Subscription required.

    Contact information:
    Institution: Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh
    Address: 3434 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260
    Phone: 412-383-1900
    Fax: 412-324-0943
    Email: niemann@upmc.edu
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 14799. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  7. Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scales (IPC)
    Source: Levenson Institute for Training
    Date Published: 1981
    Format: PDF
    Annotation: People have different feelings about their vulnerability to crisis events. This scale addresses the degree to which people feel they have control, feel others have control, or feel that chance has control of what happens to them. The Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance Scales assess the degree to which people believe that they have control over their lives, the degree to which they believe that other people control events in their lives, and the degree to which they believe that chance affects their experiences or outcomes. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 8
    Population: All/Anyone
    Length: 24 questions
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available

    Citation(s):
    Wu D, Jiang X, Ho KW, Duan L, Zhang W. Factors associated with self-concept in adolescent survivors of an 8.0-magnitude earthquake in China. Nurs Res. 2014 Jul-Aug;63(4):278-88. doi: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000045. Epub 2014 Jul 1. PubMed PMID: 24977725. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977725. Subscription required.

    Zhang W, Liu H, Jiang X, Wu D, Tian Y. A longitudinal study of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and its relationship with coping skill and locus of control in adolescents after an earthquake in China. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88263. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088263. Epub 2014 Feb 12. PubMed PMID: 24516622; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3917873. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24516622. Subscription not required.

    Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15-63). New York: Academic Press.

    Contact information:

    Contact person: Hanna Levenson
    Institution: Levenson Institute for Training
    Email: HannaLevenson@aol.com
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 12916. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  8. General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
    Source: Freie Universitat Berlin
    Date Published: 1981
    Format: Text
    Annotation: The General Self-Efficacy Scale is a 10-item psychometric scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. The scale was originally developed in German by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer in 1981 and has been used in many studies. In contrast to other scales that were designed to assess optimism, this one explicitly refers to personal agency, i.e., the belief that one's actions are responsible for successful outcomes. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 7.5
    Population: All/Anyone
    Length: 10 questions
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English, Arabic, Armenian, Brazilian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Rumanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Urdu(Pakistan)
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available

    Citation(s):
    Warner LM, Gutierrez-Dona B, Villegas Angulo M, Schwarzer R. Resource loss, self-efficacy, and family support predict post-traumatic stress symptoms: a 3-year study of earthquake survivors. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(3):239-53. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2014.955018. Epub 2014 Aug19. PubMed PMID: 25130373. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25130373. Subscription required.

    Gibbons SW, Shafer M, Aramanda L, Hickling EJ, Benedek DM. Combat health care providers and resiliency: adaptive coping mechanisms during and after deployment. Psychol Serv. 2014 May;11(2):192-9. doi: 10.1037/a0033165. Epub 2013 Jul 17. PubMed PMID: 23855421. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23855421. Subscription required.

    Contact information:

    Contact person: Prof. Dr. Ralf Schwarzer
    Institution: Freie Universitat Berlin, Psychologie
    Address: Habelschwerdter Allee 45,14195 Berlin, Germany
    Fax: +49 30-838-55634
    Email: health@zedat.fu-berlin.de
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 12950. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  9. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)
    Source: Georgetown University
    Date Published: 1980
    Format: PDF
    Annotation: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) is a 20-item self-report depression inventory. Higher CES-DC scores indicate increasing levels of depression. Weissman et al. (1980), the developers of the CES-DC, have used the cutoff score of 15 as being suggestive of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Flesch-Kincaid Reading Level: 3
    Population: Children/Teens Only
    Length: 20 questions
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Citation(s):
    Ying L, Wu X, Lin C, Jiang L. Traumatic severity and trait resilience as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89401. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089401. Epub 2014 Mar 4. PubMed PMID: 24586751; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3935868. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586751. Subscription not required.

    Contact information:

    Institution: Bright Futures
    Web: https://www.brightfutures.org/
    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 13470. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

  10. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
    Source: Duke University
    Date Published: 1980
    Format: PDF
    Annotation: The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a short self-administered survey to quantify the depressed status of a patient. There are 20 items on the scale that rate the four common characteristics of depression: the pervasive effect, physiological equivalents, other disturbances, and psychomotor activities. This resource was identified by the NIH Disaster Research Response Program (DR2) for researchers looking for pre- and post-disaster data collection instruments.

    Ease of Use in Disaster Setting: Easy
    Population: Adults Only
    Length: 20 questions
    Time to Complete: 10 to 15 minutes
    Administered by: Self Administered/Self Report
    Language(s): English, Chinese, Russian, Thai, Czech, Farsi, Indonesian, Lithuanian, Arabic, Spanish, German, and Greek
    ...[See more] [See less]
    Type: Guideline/Assessment Tool
    Access Notes: Free/Publicly Available

    Citation(s):
    Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ, Wang L. Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in disaster or rescue workers. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;161(8):1370-6. PubMed PMID: 15285961. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285961. Subscription not required.

    Zung WW. A Self-Rating Depression Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965 Jan;12:63-70. PubMed PMID: 14221692. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14221692. Subscription required.

    Biggs JT, Wylie LT, Ziegler VE. Validity of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Apr;132:381-5. PubMed PMID: 638392. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/638392. Subscription required.

    Other sources for this tool:

    Institution: Mental Health Ministries
    Web: http://www.mentalhealthministries.net/resources/flyers/zung_scale/zung_scale.pdf

    Institution: Psychology Tools
    Web: https://psychology-tools.com/zung-depression-scale/

    Institution: Outcome Tracker
    Web: https://outcometracker.org/library/SDS.pdf

    Zung Depression Scale:
    Epi Info file (XML)
    Epi Info Instructions

    Includes Research Tools: Yes.
    ID: 8057. From: Disaster Lit®a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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